<TITLE: Torus/Ester Conference: On the Scenes of Science 1
ACADEMIC DOMAIN: humanities
DISCIPLINE: history of science & technology
EVENT TYPE: conference presentation
FILE ID: CPRE03B
NOTES: continuation of and continued in CDIS03A, session also includes presentations CPRE03A/C-D (CDIS03B and CPRE03E are part of the same conference)

RECORDING DURATION: 16 min 30 sec

RECORDING DATE: 14.11.2003

NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: unknown

NUMBER OF SPEAKERS: 1

S3: NATIVE-SPEAKER STATUS: Finnish; ACADEMIC ROLE: senior staff; GENDER: male; AGE: unknown>


<S3> <USES POWERPOINT THROUGHOUT THE PRESENTATION> good afternoon everybody er i have here a short case study , i was trying to find out what was the basis for one very strong oral tradition we had in our u- university what was the impact of the the zurich , er techni- er technical university er to to the development of our university of technology in helsinki , er <NAME> mentioned here a strange thing that the university of technology had been moving to tampere , on the first years of the 1920s and from this picture you can see maybe the reason for the discussion the original old building of our university is the middle part here looking very similar to for example the <FOREIGN> kungliga tekniska högskolan </FOREIGN> old building in stockholm when er KTH made the decision to move out from drottningsgatan to valhallavägen that happened 1914 er , the university of technology <FOREIGN> teknillinen korkeakoulu </FOREIGN> in helsinki they had no possibilities to make the similar decision and , er instead of moving to meilahti in helsinki or to tampere or to some other places they decided to build this same building , twice higher than it was , er in in this phase that was finished 1904 <P:11> here is the short history of the helsinki university of technology it started as a technical school of helsinki 1849 as a part of the northern european er <FOREIGN> realschule </FOREIGN> system it was transferred to polytechnical school 1872 and and er it , er again to a polytechnic institute 1879 that happened almost simult- er -neously with the <FOREIGN> kungliga tekn- tekniska högskolan </FOREIGN> but we did not want to take the name of the , er <FOREIGN> hochschule </FOREIGN> on that time and we got the university statis status and er 1908 and from the 1934 we have been using the name of helsinki er hels- er <FOREIGN> teknillinen korkeakoulu </FOREIGN> or or helsinki university of technology , from the very beginning the teacher had been academically educated people the best example is our first director , er A O saelan who was chemist with a university degree , and er , maybe the most important thing in our university is that we had quite the same development with the KTH up to the 1908 or to , 1890s <P:05> this tells quite lot of the development of helsinki university of technology this is not the numbers of the students but the numbers of the final examinations er as you see the first ones who graduated from our school that happened only 1861 there was three graduations and 1864 four graduations if you are looking for a turning point in our university's history that's that's not the 1872 or 1879 nine like they usually are presented in in the literature but the real turning point happened er 1858 when when we took the er , er programme of a er , of TTH and that's why the first examinations were made in 1861 on on that point 1858 to 1869 during that time some of the students went through the school two times because of the change in the school's programme and after that the development has been quite cont- continuous the only er , er breathtaking thing is the number er growth of the number of students er here you can see during the 18 er 90s the amount of the students was around er 200 students and after the er 1904 when we got that new main building the number of students went up to 400 students and after after the beginning of first world war we got more than 600 students <P:06> but how did we get the programme of zurich to helsinki here is the beginning of the development at first in the 1840s the govern- government started the education of the technological er profession into into finland by sending students er to europe not the teachers because we did not have the teachers they had to educate the teachers first so they started to send the students out mostly to germany on or to sweden some went to england in in 1850s they went went to er åland and some some to russia but that ended quite soon <P:07> and after the year 1858 when the decision was made that the er , <FOREIGN> helsingin tekninen reaalikoulu </FOREIGN> would be er er <FOREIGN> tekniske hochschule </FOREIGN> after that they created a state grant to send the teachers , to somewhere i have never sawn a written decision where they should go but if we are looking for the (first) generation er we can clearly find out the target here is the director himself saelan who went to germany switzerland meaning zurich and again , er to germany to hannover (xx) leonard lindeberg who was a successor of saelan again to germany endve lekve who was a norwegian engineer to germany and to s- sweden , and during these times the government sent also the directors of the er real er schools of er turku and real school of vaasa to germany to get some education and er the teacher of technology at the jyväskylä seminarium went to germany too , i call this the first phrase phase of of the travelling , er , but this system ended 1865 when a new state grant for travelling to foreign countries was made and with that decision the education of students by sending them to europe totally ended and ernst qvist who was to be the director of the er school in in 1870s and 1880s and up to 1890s even was the first teacher to go to germany on 1868 there was a huge lack of money on that time that was the practical reason they didn't send everyone out of course there was not many people who would have the possibility to go because there was so few permanent teachers , and for this case study i selected these 14 gentlemen who are the first professors of our university 1808 er sorry 1908 and i went through their er , personal cards in our archives and and er the rectors' stories what er what was printed and all these er dots here marks some er the a trip to europe , and er as you see almost everybody went er this paul R B malmström is a stranger i don't know why we have no any er , er facts about his travels , in in fact i didn't even find his card from our archives i don't know why . and here are some examples where did they go <P:12> in in these er , er trips to europe are marked only those ones that are er , marked in the school's archives as an educational trips and as you see we have for example the mathematician robert mellin who went 1883 to stockholm with his own money , er there are some of these cases in the records too of course these gentlemen were travelling to stockholm quite a lot on during these days but they were not marked as er educational journeys <P:08> here's nyström , onni tarjanne , (xx) törnqvist , we have only a few er journeys to russia the teachers didn't didn't want to go to russia for er educate themselves i think this , journey of carl holmberg's is the only one , but during the 1890s the excursions of the students were made to st petersburg <P:07> that is petrelius and here is gustaf komppa gustav komppa is a very good example he is one of our best known scientists er he was very er . sort of er he had a er straight programme to educate himself as a scientist and er he followed ossian askan to zurich to leipzich , and and later to france <P:05> this is our one er , principle rector (adolf) hjelmman as you see er i don't really know the reason why all of these er , er targets of these er journeys have not been marked hjelmman was one of those persons who did not want want to mark in the records where did he go but he had he has been travelling quite a lot and er all the money came from the university <P:10> and here you can see the countries , er , in in a histogram where did they go and the as you see the development of our university to be a <FOREIGN> hochschule </FOREIGN> was made in 1870s practically when they started the education programme for the for the teachers and as you can see the travelling to germany that is the red er pile here on the left hand side started at once but sometimes during the 1890s they made the decision not to follow the german system of education they wanted to follow the er zurich er , programme in the in the education and the and the most important thing here is the er position of sweden that that is the yellow one the third by here in in 1890s there was quite lot of travelling to stockholm , for different scientific meetings but that ends at the beginning of the century and er this a bit higher , pile here meaning france is of course the er paris world fair at the beginning of the first year of the century and the most er important thing is to see to notice what what happens when when the er polytechnic institute gets the er status of er university 1908 the travelling ends like that . so , we have three phases of going to europe before 1865 first the students that was to create the technological profession into finland and then the first three permanent teachers and a . during the years 1865 to 1908 that is the time when the institute was searching the professional status , and and the status of university , and and we got the right to give the title of doctor ingenieurs , er 1908 on the same year as the zurich did er stockholm got the same right only er 15 years later . after , 1908 the travelling out of finland has been made by individual researchers there has no been a programme from the government or from the the university to to educate the teachers before the times of the second world war <P:06> that was it , thank you </S3>
