<TITLE: Social Dimension of Globalisation
ACADEMIC DOMAIN: social sciences
DISCIPLINE: international relations
EVENT TYPE: lecture discussion
FILE ID: ULECD030
NOTES: lecture interspersed with discussion, students presenting themselves not transcribed

RECORDING DURATION: 90 min 21 sec

RECORDING DATE: 21.11.2002

NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: unknown

NUMBER OF SPEAKERS: 11

S1: NATIVE-SPEAKER STATUS: Somali; ACADEMIC ROLE: unknown; GENDER: male; AGE: 31-50

S2: NATIVE-SPEAKER STATUS: unknown; ACADEMIC ROLE: unknown; GENDER: male; AGE: unknown

NS3: NATIVE-SPEAKER STATUS: English; ACADEMIC ROLE: unknown; GENDER: male; AGE: unknown

S4: NATIVE-SPEAKER STATUS: Dutch; ACADEMIC ROLE: masters student; GENDER: female; AGE: 17-23

S5: NATIVE-SPEAKER STATUS: Lithuanian; ACADEMIC ROLE: masters student; GENDER: female; AGE: 17-23

S6: NATIVE-SPEAKER STATUS: Finnish; ACADEMIC ROLE: undergraduate; GENDER: female; AGE: 17-23

NS7: NATIVE-SPEAKER STATUS: English; ACADEMIC ROLE: unknown; GENDER: female; AGE: unknown

NS8: NATIVE-SPEAKER STATUS: English; ACADEMIC ROLE: unknown; GENDER: female; AGE: unknown

S9: NATIVE-SPEAKER STATUS: Japanese; ACADEMIC ROLE: unknown; GENDER: female; AGE: unknown

NS10: NATIVE-SPEAKER STATUS: English; ACADEMIC ROLE: unknown; GENDER: male; AGE: unknown

S11: NATIVE-SPEAKER STATUS: Russian; ACADEMIC ROLE: masters student; GENDER: female; AGE: 17-23

SU: unidentified speaker

SS: several simultaneous speakers>


<S1> well , you are all welcome please erm my name is <NAME S1> . er i'm the person who's supposed to give you the lecture today erm before i start i give the er the floor er my colleague <NAME S2> please yeah there's anything you left to say for the last lecture please go ahead </S1>
<S2> er good morning er last lecture i gave this questionnaire including six questions that er i er you you fill it and er return it back to me and in case that you want to it to be used for your grading er please write your name in it is there anybody who doesn't have that . so after you fill it you can bring it er back er next week er er either i collect it or mr <NAME> will collect it , so if you want to be used for your grading you can write your name </S2>
<S1> oh that's lovely yeah <COUGH> erm before i start the topic would you mind if we just get to know each other erm you please start <SU> (xx) </SU> your nationality erm the major minor whatever go ahead please </S1>
<STUDENTS PRESENT THEMSELVES P: 1:21>
<S1> oh lovely <COUGH> thank you for the introducement erm <COUGH> my name as i told you i'm <NAME S1> erm i'm from somalia originally er but i've got a dual citizenship one in somali and the other one is finnish after living here for about 12 years in finland erm so er <FOREIGN> afro-suomalaiset  </FOREIGN> you know that's the picture we just give when when i introduce ourself we say <FOREIGN> afro-suomalaiset </FOREIGN> i don't know whether my finnish colleagues will agree @with me@ yeah <COUGH> well that's it erm to go to the next point to the course er of social dimensions of globalisation the topic which i'm gonna present today is sustainability the sustainable development of globalisation i will explain the ethical challenge of sustainable development by looking from different perspectives erm those perspectives erm will be my sub-topics and which i will pinpoint and look from each and every side . the key structural challenge i will analyse the key structural challenge of sustainable developments the key challenge of international economic order business and industries political challenges international institutions the key challenges of world religions and security challenge i mean i will it's a huge as you can see erm topic but i will try to summarise as much as i can erm if the time er allows erm the next session will which will be as the matter of fact next thursday erm i will lecture the ethical norms of promoting sustainable development , erm globalisation i'm not here to to define globalisation i'm sure erm my my previous colleagues have gone through er sustainable development and globalisation as a phenomena what it stands for erm when the er today the world in short form i will say the intensification of economic political and social and cultural relations across borders that's what's about globalisation today erm , no-one er as a matter of fact er can put mud on our face when we we are about to er to identify and and and and define the globalisation which is quite er well seen phe- phenomena in our daily base lives in another way we can say erm you know in this world today in 21st century erm . time and space have become compressed because of the operation of modern transport and communication and the increasing internationalisation of economic activity thus this action as one part of the globe have consequences elsewhere which means one way or another er good example when i define globalisation erm i as the matter of fact pick internet revolution for instance . last week i come from UK there i i i i make my bread erm so er erm and i was also studying here in tampere university i have one leg there in UK and the other leg here in tampere so during er the time i was staying in in in UK i was interacting er through the internet er with my colleagues here with the teachers erm even you know se- erm sending essays thesis whatever erm which means for instance the world is changing er very fast and this intensification er is is is a phenomena in which we have to as the matter of fact embrace very much and and and and and and to be very much delightful . erm that's the er definition i would say about globalisation er the other point i will go through is the er key structural challenge in promoting er sustainable development . is there anyone who have an idea for instance who can pinpoint me er the key challenge in promoting sustainable development what would be the key challenge please go ahead i i i i promise i would never put you down please go ahead just say something , my fellow americans please yeah @@ it's your mother @language@ okay yes </S1>
<NS3> erm the fact that right now is we have an asymmetrical relationship <S1> uh-huh yeah </S1> in terms of globalisation one group is benefiting and one group is really (losing out) globalisation as <S1> mhm-hm </S1> we have one group that produces and one group that consumes <S1> yeah </S1> and to s- sustain globalisation and to continue continue it and to have a world in which we do have these , s- broad communication lengths and things like that <S1> definitely yeah </S1> you're going to have to have a world in which you can actually raise the level of the second group <S1> mhm </S1> as you in some way equalise the the two groups and be creative <S1> yeah </S1> [(xx) exist right now] </NS3>
<S1> [yeah yeah mhm yeah] . any other peop- please , yes japan please go ahead @@ sorry i forgot your name yeah </S1>
<S9> er i don't know (xx) </S9>
<S1> yeah that's alright yes any other . please finland . just say something you know erm <COUGH> well as the matter of fact i i i agree with you er the point you raised erm erm but first of all before we go through in deep you know erm explanation erm i would say operationalising ethics is the first one we have to first of all as it is to pinpoint the structural challenges in promoting sustainable development you have to put in place and and and look for er operationalising ethics and second erm the effective global framework does the framework we are enjoying today in this 21st century very much effective er global framework what's wrong . and the er integration and partnership er those the are are the combination er i would say of key structural challenges in promoting sustainable development , well <COUGH> ethics and values erm is not something new er when we are describing for instance er operationalising ethics er such as justice equality solidarity protection of the environment and respect of human rights those are the the combinations er er of ethics which are very much base for er to our theme , these are already enshrined in many existing national constitutions international agreements and (xx) documents but . why for instance what are what are the ethical challenge which is for instance er very much compatible er one way or another er to deal with this theme . well the real challenge is how , we implement these ethics , i wouldn't say for instance erm one of you might have different view erm for instance the if we say erm that democracy today functions well in united states or elsewhere erm , you know er it depends for instance the person who's going to to explain and dr- and make the derivation whether the democracy is in place is it in placed on the ethics of justice is it in placed on the ethics of eq- equality is it in placed in the ethics of of of of of protection of environment or respect of for human rights whatever erm but i would say today these are the real challenges we are facing in the modern life and unless , unless we improve these ethics and values we'll never erm you know erm come to a conclusion to solve er the er the the challenges i've stated before . erm the question is how best to raise awareness of the crucial role of value system the struggle to achieve sustainable development and to operationalise existing and evolving erm ethical principles to ensure that they are fully integrated and to and guide public policy international relations economic system and individual behaviour these all make er a sense to the er to that challenge . an effective global framework is the second challenge i would say er which very much compatible to the to our issue today does the international community lack a global framework capable of articulating global environmental and social rights and responsibility today , it's a big question er absolutely big question erm i'm sure who ever politician you ask and you put this question erm he will say erm @@ we have a global framework today who are capable of solving er these ethical challenge but did they did they solve it no , as the matter of fact none none have been achieved i will explain you later erm world trade organisation IMF world bank erm the er and other non-governmental organisations er their achievements so far , including the er united nations er er i i i when i lecture as the matter of fact these topics i erm i'm a bit emotional er because of for instance i don't know maybe it has something to do with the with my background where i am from originally er it has something to do er the ethnic it has something my ethnic it has something to do maybe religion er it has something to do with many issues er why emotionally i i feel very much for instance when i'm addressing these issues erm but the fact when you wanna pinpoint something i mean er you have to have a great enthusiasm and interest otherwise leave it take or leave it so er i usually choose these topics to er er to analyse and then to come a conclusion which i'm very much satisfied erm , the security council today of the united nations and the world trade organisation and global government's regions empower toward legally binding dispute settlement mechanisms and the authority to impose sanctions yet they are perceived by many to be dominated by strong national interests and democratic and inadequate for the role of defending sustainable development objectives . do you get the point erm do you agree what i said . @@ erm what do you think about world trade organisation for instance please you were from , belgium <S4> belgium </S4> belgium yeah go ahead please </S1>
<S4> what do i think about the world trade [organisation] </S4>
<S1> [what type of] er yeah yeah world trade organisation what what what it comes to your mind for instance </S1>
<S4> mhm er for me it's it's linked to er economics i think <S1> uh-huh mhm-hm </S1> erm and and if i have to say it now right away i think it's (going to have) a positive impact on on the whole world <S1> uh-huh uh-huh </S1> i see some some <S1> [uh-huh] </S1> [of us don't agree on that] but that's my opinion <S1> yeah </S1> er what they exactly do i don't know <S1> mhm-hm </S1> so that's quite all i can say about that </S4>
<S1> having having in mind globalisation influence er erm . do you think there are some losers and winners for instance [when we are dealing on this issue yeah] </S1>
<S4> [yeah i think like that's] er i think it's mainly the western world er as we call the developed world then <S1> mhm </S1> that is profiting from globalisation <S1> mhm </S1> and (xx) the developing world <S1>  yeah </S1> like the third world countries and so on er it's not they have erm positive effects i think from globalisation too but it's not as strongly as we have here in western world </S4>
<S1> i see , yeah marvellous yes please go ahead lithu- lithuania yeah </S1>
<S5> about er the WTO i know only one example er that's what's happening now <S1> mhm-hm </S1> and it's er well i see er as a good thing because it it's about like , well i just introduce it it's about milk markets <S1> mhm-hm </S1> and in europe milk prices are much higher and there is a there are whole (xx) how to support agriculture and so on <S1>  mhm-hm </S1> and er mar- er market price of the milk er in the world is much lower <S1> uh-huh </S1> so everything's created and if you want er from some country not from EU but er import (land) er er you pay such taxes <S1>  uh-huh </S1> that the milk price price would be not lower than in <S1> [come in please] </S1> [in whole EU] so now the milk far- farmers er they're they're going to take the (xx) because er the WTO the countries members of this organisation said that like it's not fair because er because there is no equal competition as the wor- er world market price is much lower than EU market price <S1> mhm-hm </S1> i don't know so they're going to produce that and make er er world market price working (here) as well <S1> mhm </S1> so it's like equalising rights for players , in this case </S5>
<S1> oh brilliant brilliant she emphasised very much about milk you know er i i absolutely [agree with you @@] </S1>
<S5> [no it's] just just an example [i know yes] </S5>
<S1> [oh yes yeah] yeah </S1>
<S5> er i wanted to give you </S5>
<S1> yes yeah . oh marvellous please , yeah go ahead </S1>
<SU> ah not me i was just @@ </SU>
<S1> @@ oh okay yeah <COUGH> erm well world trade organisation er is the only global international organisation er . deals . dealing with the regulations and rules of trade between nations but , the question that comes to my mind for instance WTO erm whenever i come across WTO there's the market regulation , market regulation erm this notion of market regulation by WTO erm through the agreements negotiated and signed by the bulk of world's trading nations and ratified in their parliaments erm . have you ever heard erm , who is the weakest link (xx) @@ erm the weakest link . on the point of for instance erm market regulation on my point of view are the third world countries or southern g- global s- south what you call today erm because here , is the er the point the place in which they regulate the market , giving fix price er in any product for instance that any third world country may produce and then supply to the er , north er global north erm or in other word i would say developing er er developed countries so er this notion is er <COUGH> the weakest point when we are dealing with this erm erm erm erm erm erm very sensitive and delicate issue of of of manipulation and exploitation erm it's really unfortunate today in 21st century that still erm a group of nations whether they are coalition erm , of anyone NATO whatever whatever you can call whatever you want whatever you have in mind but i would say it's very bad , to see today in 21st century that a group of nations are , using other group of nations masterminding , and er sucking their blood which absolutely something very unfortunate to come across today in our daily base lives and yet erm something that as the matter of fact er very bad erm and and i'm sure it will never end it will just erm , erm you know erm get worse day after day it will never end er but anyhow er unless we have an effective global framework erm which are the effective challenge ethical challenge of of in promoting sustainable development we will never reach a sustainable development in the coming future in the time to come . a genuine democratic and just global framework is needed , in order to translate ethical principles into meaningful law and policy supported by effective regulatory and enforcement mechanisms . that follows the integration and partnership integration and partnership is another key challenge erm on our issue erm this is about er integrating solutions are essential to bring together seemingly incompatible groups and force including sustainable development and globalisation , sustainability as you know requires regulation and cooperation not just masterminded regulation but which which i'm referring to negative regulation but on the other hand , it needs a positive regulation which is free and fair for every nation whether you are erm you are from africa asia latin america wherever i mean if unless you don't have justice erm through this system of of of integration and in partnership erm you will never achieve this is my conclusion i'm trying to pinpoint we will never achieve er sustainable development . plus in addition to that you need cooperation while globalisation encourages on the other hand deregulation and competition erm <COUGH> i would rather say for instance erm i'm not erm on one way erm member of of of of anti-globalisation movement but on the other ha- on the other way i'm not erm i don't embrace globalisation er because of it's features it's ways of behaving when it comes to this point for instance of of of that globalisation encourages deregulation and competition while on the other hand erm erm sustainability requires regulation and cooperation . correlation relation erm i hope i hope i hope correlation relation is a mathematical derivation expression which i whenever i explain something i i usually choose er this mathematical expression for instance when A is equal to B and B is equal to C what is the relationship between A and C they have got correlation relation which means erm if you increase the input of A er whatever they are it will have a direct proportional with C which is the output so the correlation relation between globalisation and sustainable development in this contest in this context erm is as the matter of fact indirectly proportional instead of directly proportional which means erm if you wanna have a beautiful utopia what we call today erm , you might choose sustainable development you might tackle the problems against sustainable development if you wanna promote it if you are serious to promote if you are not you are not on the other hand , if you want a dystopia , dystopia let me write down i have er <WRITING ON BLACKBOARD, P:08> we have two ways either dystopia or utopia . so er the the initial part here we are sustainable development in promoting <WRITING ON BLACKBOARD, P:18> promoting sustainable development <SOMEONE LEAVES THE ROOM> (i hope i see you) in promoting sustainable development you either go through dystopia or utopia utopia er dystopia is nothing else but the vice versa of er utopia so er . as long as the globalisation intensifies , the world on my point of view if you want we can open formal discuss er the world will develop itself to dystopia which means erm rise of unemployment the collapse of or the emerge er i would say erm emergence of of of too many poor nations i mean the gap between rich and poor people will will will increase , erm what else what else you have if you are in the situation of dystopia does anyone wanna say something increase of unemployment that's er that's the the slogans of anti-globalisation movements for instance they say there will be increase of unemployment , there will be what , yes please </S1>
<S5> we will die because of pollution </S5>
<S1> yes environmental destruction yes what else <P:06> yes you were from finland <S6> finland </S6> go ahead please <S6> mhm </S6> you can explain me any language you want even in [your mother language go ahead] </S1>
<S6> [@@] i think this is a very difficult subject <S1>  mhm </S1> and i i really don't know what to say i don't know if i'm against or or or for globalisation so i i really don't what to say because i'm so confused about the @whole subject@ <S1> [@@] </S1> [@@] i just want to listen <S1> [ah oh yes] </S1> [what other people] think [@@] </S6>
<S1> [yes sir go ahead] </S1>
<NS3> war eth- er ethnic conflict </NS3>
<S1> [yes conflict yeah] </S1>
<NS3> [er] globalisation brings more societies into contact with each other <S1> yes definitely </S1> outside between nation states and even within nation states <S1> mhm </S1> we've seen an increased ethnic conflict <S1> yes mhm </S1> since the emergence of globalisation <S1> mhm </S1> and that can only increase rather than the decrease <S1> mhm </S1> and if you have a dystopia in which you have no sustainable development <S1> yeah </S1> and very little i don't wanna say first world involvement but third world involvement in it tends to end er ethnic conflict in the er developed <S1> yeah </S1> so you just have increased (they coincide) unemployment and er <S1> mhm </S1> the rich poor gap yeah </NS3>
<S1> yeah , yes you wanna say something please go ahead </S1>
<NS7> er i was going to say (xx) but you have a greater er a greater gap between the rich developing countries and the the <S1> yeah yes </S1> or the rich developed countries and the poor developing countries (and it would) be harder to . create erm , in- er opportunities in which to close that gap <S1> [mhm mhm] </S1> [and to] er yeah you have less involvement by (them) </NS7>
<S1> mhm , on conclusion what where where do you think we are we are ending erm we're going to end for instance where the world is is is heading erm on on this contest for instance if you choose one of these </S1>
<NS7> where do i think we're ending </NS7>
<S1> yeah yeah ah i'm sure we are positive er but @@ er yes erm any other one please , yeah you were from er sorry you <NS8>  england </NS8> england go ahead yeah </S1>
<NS8> erm i think about the break-up of relationships , people relationships just generally between people <S1> yeah mhm </S1> (xx) less contact </NS8>
<S1> less contact in what sense </S1>
<NS8> erm just everything will be contracted through somebody else or through something else <S1> mhm mhm </S1> rather than personal relationships </NS8>
<S1> mhm-hm <P:05> well erm <COUGH> gentleman from canada said erm well the er there will be lot of problems erm erm well war conflict will increase erm global unemployment er destructive financial speculations also we have seen erm in in so many events in in different parts of the world er during the time well well on the other hand globalisation is nothing new erm the world was you know erm interacting er for the past i would say 500 years while the technology was not so well good enough erm but but the world erm erm erm erm , is not something new globalisation in my point of view er but on the other hand i would say from second world war up to now the intensification has get has gone up erm , but , on this point the reaction of dystopia in future for instance if we erm wanna say something of dystopia in future erm there are many social scientists er who said something about dystopia in future er including erm samuel huntington er american conservative robert burbach he's also an american oscar nunes nicaraguan boris gagalitski russian they all suggested that globalisation has (threatened) a number of country actions or anti-systemic movements due to the traumatic shocks and horrors it has engendered in many areas of the world er for example trade wars and destructive financial speculations collapse of poor nations er increase of of conflict and so on erm , this the er the conclusion i would end up if the glo- as long as the globalisation intensifies as i said before the the indirect proportional between globalisation and sustainable development erm proves itself and and and the conclusion we have where , on my point of view my humble point of view i would say , dystopia is where we're gonna end up , you have heard , some other topic you have heard about clash of civilisation for instance by samuel er huntington er his great great thesis erm by barber erm by many er social scientists who come to a conclusion that the world er will face terrible and traumatic event in the coming future erm , clash of civilisation has correlation relation with dystopia why why clash of civilisation why why because sustainable development in promoting sustainable development you have to have er a good environment between different ethnics cultures you have to have you have to build er consensus of mut- er based on mutual understanding between different religions between different cultures between different ethnics whatever you say so er today the world itself is not , heading erm that consensus toward that consensus we're heading in different approach erm when president bush for instance said after the attack of of of of of of er new york he said w- w- this is a crusade was it that yeah it was he said crusade a head of a state of the greatest democracy on earth today he said this is a crusade , i mean a head of a state to say that i would say he's neither a politician nor even a sensible man i mean somebody to say that i mean come on if you are let's speak frankly you know erm it's not a you can from that perspective you can understand the way we are heading even today even today erm i i i don't really enjoy with him erm during the er the elections er presidential elections in united states believe me my dear friends i was in virginia at that time erm with some of my friends and <COUGH> my my fellow americans can say something about that well florida what happened in florida is obvious everybody knows in every corner of the world i mean <SOMEONE ENTERS THE ROOM> do i say er , yes come in please yes please do i say it was er you know er robbery @@ i might say that because erm many of my friends er they were supporting democrats al gore , al gore who was challenging bush and er <COUGH> you know you know we we really appreciate an an an american culture american civilisation very much erm because erm from my point of view er according to my background erm we always thought that americans er er they respect the human rights much better than any other nation of the world erm they are with the er oppressed side you know er you know there are two difi- divisions oppressed and and oppressors do do i put in that way yes erm we always counting we are always counting that americans are the er the side of oppressors i mean the victims but <COUGH> from that day , what happened in in florida erm i really changed my mind i said wow , they have been saying we have the greatest democracy on earth and this is how the you know er it it it ended up , people were disenfranchised erm there were lot of ballots uncasted ballots , erm . you all know jeff bush was the governor of florida isn't that isn't that true <SU> yeah </SU> yeah erm and erm later on er there were events er covered by CNN and other NBC news erm they said , they have interviewed some people er who were blocked you know er police were patrolling you know in in the city er miami and and elsewhere and they were stopped not to cast their own ballots i mean checkpoints you know just simple philosophy to block @@ erm so from that point of view , i mean can we say democracy is functioning today in this modern world , yes please go ahead yeah </S1>
<NS3> but if you keep that point of view then then it makes all the other problems of democracy <S1> [yes yes] </S1> [(xx)] the past especially american in in american democracy american <S1> [mhm yeah] </S1> [and there are other democracies (that have been)] perfect but democracy in my own country has never been perfect i mean you think you take the experience of george W bush <S1> yeah mhm </S1> at the past election you compare that to when john F kennedy <S1> [kennedy yes yeah] </S1> [(xx)] and all the votes in chicago and illinois <S1> mhm-hm </S1> and then you look at the history of election processes <S1> yeah mhm </S1> in a lot of democratic countries then then isn't it a , it's more of an illusion that some people have <S1> definitely mhm-hm </S1> that democracy is perfect and how they see one failure for democracy and then they the people will (say) tend to turn on <S1> mhm-hm </S1> democratic institutions without realising that failure is just part of democracy as well as part of the overall process there can't always be specific winners and there can't always be specific losers <S1> mhm-hm yeah </S1> because of murky ground that there is in <S1> mhm mhm </S1> democracy just like in anything else </NS3>
<S1> yeah abso- abso- absolutely brilliant erm yes erm anyone else who wanna comment </S1>
<S5> erm general comment (yeah) </S5>
<S1> yeah please go ahead </S1>
<S5> erm well er i didn't interrupt before giving the conclusion er i would like come back to dystopia and utopia <S1> yeah @@ </S1> because er we (were) sorted out some things like dystopia we we see as and we haven't discussed about utopia er well i'm sorry but i don't think that it can be that globalisation process brings only bad things <S1> mhm </S1> there is something good with it like advantages , some new opportunities for globalisation er for to have a better overview and better understanding , but globalisation (xx) <S1> oh </S1> yeah just suggestion </S5>
<S1> good , yes any other please , yeah let's interact please @@ </S1>
<NS3> i'd like to know <S1> yeah </S1> your point of view for besides just in general terms sustainable development <S1> mhm-hm </S1> what your take on utopia would be and if even if you think utopia is even possible <S1> mhm-hm </S1> i mean has there ever been a utopia it's sort of something that's formulated in the works <S1> mhm mhm </S1> of philosophers but there's , never been a political reality or social reality <S1> yeah yeah </S1> for a utopia there's been many social realities for dystopia (however) but i'd like to just in in terms of globalisation and sustainable development what would your take on utopia be would there in a utopia would you have an equalisation between the <S1>  mhm-hm </S1> developed and developing world erm that would (xx) be the problem (to solve) sustainable development or <S1> yeah </S1> i just interested on what your take on utopia would be basically </NS3>
<S1> mhm-hm mhm-hm that's that's absolutely true erm erm as i said to you erm it depends from which point of view you look for instance erm we might argue erm for instance a simple matter er by just you know er , erm but it depends it depends er on the other hand for instance erm something to do with the er with your point of view er background whatever i mean er it has something to do erm if somebody would say it's it will end up to utopia utopia erm he or she has some reasons to say erm , on the other hand dystopia they have some reason to say but but but erm to be very frankly with you er this is the point i will end up if i analyse and drive and use empirical data erm and i did as the matter of fact erm i did lecture globalisation er in finnish before erm , and i ended up according to the er empirical data the latest empirical data of OECD and er IMF whatever erm i ended up dystopia erm but it's it depends if you wanna go the centre for instance you choose which way to go you can choose long way round or you can make shortcut it depends to you er the way you enjoy very much erm so er to come back er to the point i was just emphasising er is that the er integration and partnership is is is is vital issue er the er to solve the key structural challenge and er in order to live er prosperity and and to overcome the problems of sustainable development well the the the next key challenge i would like to address er is the er international economic order , international economic order erm for instance lack of approach of the exploitation of natural resources and distribution of wealth you have on the other hand inadequate economic , trade rights versus human rights inconsistency between global trade region and labour policy these are the combination er ethical key challenge er to the international economic order , so er <COUGH> they all have correlation relation as i said not just er globalisation globalisation and its own features er they are like chains chains that you can't skip one how do i say one joint you can't skip one joint they are like chain lined up so er to have a promoting sustainable development you have to tackle every key challenge , so er this key challenge is very much important er to know er the er the the the problems er for instance let us take an ethics free approach to the exploitation of natural resources and distribution of wealth , today's international economic order is based on an ethics free market mechanism it's nice beautiful beautiful way to say you see let let me read for you <READING ALOUD> today's international economic order is based on an ethics free market mechanism </READING ALOUD> i don't believe it i don't believe to be very frankly to you it's not based er ethics free market mechanism it's based ethics of exploitation it's based on ethics of using one part to another it's based er on ethics of of of of disaster you know erm that's the the conclusion i would make erm , but however what has materialised in a system that facilitates grossly unbalanced distributions of wealth and the domination of profit over ethics , the ethics that i have been erm explaining to you in the beginning of my lecture er with justice er you know equality solidarity blah blah blah erm all those erm . are vital are very important are very important for the er sustainable development but i i would i i would recall my my my my claim before you know democracy on the other way er is about erm . justice economic distribution i mean as long as you are effectively distributing the economy the tax you have collected the welfare system let us say welfare system if the welfare system functions well the democracy will as the matter of fact function well , well on this issue welfare state we are not talking about welfare state we are talking about sustainable development global global sustainable development erm i'm referring i'm talking about er global welfare not not erm welfare state so global welfare if you want to solve er there should be a mechanism and ways er to er for instance to cover the damages for instance those who are in need what's about welfare system welfare system is a system that a government er you know er tax that it collect it from own its citizens , one focus even just state you know it refunds it gives back er to the unemploym- unemployed people when they are sick they cover erm for instance education they cover education erm they cover er for instance health care erm that's about welfare system but global welfare system is very much compatible to the welfare system of a single particular state there's nothing difference so who will cover who will cover there should be a mechanism an organisation who er have to cover these these these these er er needs , world bank , do you think er what do you think world bank for instance IMF er would be a mechanism which er very much appropriate to solve these issues what do you think my my friend yeah </S1>
<NS3> i don't think so <S1> [uh-huh] </S1> [i mean] i think the world bank and IMF are for specific <S1> mhm </S1> purposes they have <S1> mhm-hm </S1> specific (aims) you know (xx) involvement er and those stances that they have are incompatible with the stances (xx) <S1> yeah </S1> welfare in europe (xx) you probably need a whole organisation that wouldn't (xx) these o- <S1> mhm </S1> these groups but it tends to be the function of the world bank and and the IMF to <S1> mhm </S1> (xx) development in terms of economic matters <S1> mhm </S1> and not in terms of the human cost of <S1> yeah </S1> development or globalisation <S1> mhm-hm </S1> so you would need an organisation (that would commit to human cost) (xx) i don't think an organisation like that exists right now <S1> yeah yeah </S1> and i don't think people , currently think of globalisation yet in terms of social social th- er globalisation globalisation is still primarily to a majority of people en economic phenomenon <S1> yeah mhm  </S1> a phenomenon by which you get cheap clothes produced in china <S1> [china yeah yeah] </S1> [or you get] raw resources from somewhere else in the world it's not a phenomenon by which i'm a citizen of the world and therefore someone in <S1>  mhm-hm </S1> asia or africa <S1> mhm </S1> or eastern europe is a citizen in the same sense that i am has the same rights <S1> mhm </S1> if we get to that point <S1> mhm-hm </S1> perhaps we can start talking about social development <S1> mhm-hm </S1> in in the sense that you're talking about <S1> yeah mhm-hm </S1> but we'd have to make a jump from away from economics to including the social aspects (of it) </NS3>
<S1> yeah mhm-hm mhm-hm , yes go ahead japan japan say something please er say , i speak japanese , you can speak with me in japanese go ahead <FOREIGN> arigato </FOREIGN> you understand <S9> @yeah@ </S9> okay go ahead </S1>
<S9> i don't know it's very complicated thing erm , erm , i don't know i can't (really) comment yet </S9>
<S1> okay , yes please </S1>
<NS7> i think that a global welfare system , is far far far away <S1> [yeah] </S1> [i mean] you know within the EU there's they're not even at the at the point where there's a common social policy <S1> yeah </S1> and and not to say that that's not possible but just that it takes a while an erm so if if we're not at at there is even within the EU there's a move towards a common i mean there's a lot of welfare states within the EU <S1> mhm-hm </S1> but erm (xx) EU social policy is still in the future and i i don't know how you would er . er <S1> [but er <COUGH>] </S1> [(xx)] on a world-wide scale <S1> mhm </S1> and you have so many different types of governments <S1> mhm </S1> and i don't i'm not trying to be pessimistic but <S1> [yeah yeah] </S1> [@maybe it's possible@] but it just seems . erm many challenges [before that happens] </NS7>
<S1> [yes yeah yeah] yeah , would you like to add something yes sir go ahead </S1>
<NS10> i think i i agree with her in terms of change takes a it's a long process <S1> yeah </S1> and . no matter no matter the road you take there'll there'll be good good and bad <S1> mhm-hm </S1> and it depends on the (human being) i guess depends on what road you want to take <S1> mhm-hm </S1> erm , and and i wanna be optimistic about it but i think there's reality of it that we see time and time again erm , that there's suffering no matter which road you take and i think it i think it'll take a long time but she brings up a good point erm with even within the EU it's it has taken some time there <S1> yeah </S1> our countries that are maybe stubborn to to er go along with it and that's there's (a) common understanding there but erm get the whole world sort of <S1> mhm-hm </S1> come together with that (xx) </NS10>
<S1> yeah okay , yes erm absolutely true erm <COUGH> but er in the context of EU for instance as a supranational state er they have got er you know er they have mechanisms to back up for instance er er in order to fight against social exclusion er if if if one member state EU member state is not doing well economically and socially they have got certain ways to sort that problem those problems er by either er , giving some amount of money or er erm or any other i mean erm . there are there have been er , on my knowledge there there is er a great enthusiasm in er EU head of states to develop a common social policy even there are jacques delors jacques delors white white papers erm . it's not the first priority in EU er (xx) for instance because those even er who will be er the next those who are knocking the doors of EU today who will be the new members of EU er for the next i don't know four years erm do you think so yes er there were huge number of countries who are now knocking the doors of EU so when they become a member . erm of EU i mean economically their economy is as the matter of fact very much scrambling it's not as good as other er existing EU member states er socially as well er so there will be back up you know a way of funding a way of for instance erm providing financial aid to those countries but on the other hand er they are paying the price we give you every everywhere there's business er my dear friends er to be very @frank@ with you there's business we give you and you pay back to me one way or another not even now you can you can keep you can keep your money but later on you have to give it to me back erm it's very complicated issue er even the policy in in EU as a supranational state er if you just investigate you know and pinpoint er the er they say we don't have constitution but there is as the matter of fact in brussels there are certain regulations and (ways) er to tackle and and and and and and and and solve this issue okay let's go back erm to the issues we have we i have been er addressing well the other key challenge er to the international economic order i would say inadequate economic indication indicators is is another key challenge erm in this context , because today er economic indicators do not adequately reflect the real nature of wealth or poverty in a society , major international economic institutions often base their decisions solely on financial considerations which do not take into account important data about the health of citizens , greatest er you know er the weal- let let us take united states for instance er the wealthiest country on earth . in washington DC if you go there ghetto you know ghetto we don't have here in in in in finland ghetto er but there you have @as the matter of fact@ i mean <COUGH> when you stand in there i i i remember one night erm a friend of mine gave me a lift and we ended up you know as a black man i mean to be @very frankly with you@ erm we ended up a getto and i said er he said hey this is very dangerous place i said why we're in united states what's wrong he said you know this place oh <FOREIGN> pericoloso </FOREIGN> is there any italian here italian <FOREIGN> pericoloso </FOREIGN> he said <FOREIGN>  pericoloso </FOREIGN> it means oh danger danger why . i'm black you can see oh there are black people here you can see you know he wanted to explain to me nicely you know er he said er the situation here is not good . believe me or not erm it was er i couldn't believe what i saw that even the police in in @in washington DC@ ah it's okay it's okay erm erm they told me that they don't even go there because it's very dangerous place @you know@ and anyway erm later on that night we managed it so er <COUGH> you know . the wealthy of one country it doesn't reflect the reality er when you go in . erm this this is the point er in which i was trying to explain er on the other hand there is er bauman zygmunt er er is he german bauman you were from germany yeah . yeah zygmunt bauman maybe i'm er . let me <WRITING ON BLACKBOARD, P:25> bauman <WRITING ON BLACKBOARD, P:05> have you come across this man er yeah it's well-known er great absolutely man er i read two of his books er one is globalisation erm it's wonderful <WRITING ON BLACKBOARD, P:05> wonderful book if you have the opportunity to read it would be nice the human consequences , the human consequences <WRITING ON BLACKBOARD, P:14> cambridge polity er 1998 er it's as the matter of fact erm . i appreciate him very much because of his views i mean he has got very sharp views i mean he don't afraid he says you know erm as a social scientist you have to say erm well i find out that er the sociologists they try to er , erm , to explain softly in softly manner the political social thesis erm they hit the point i mean they hit the point that's wha- i mean i i i appreciate him erm well he he wrote many books er as the matter of fact in , sociology and in in in in in political science well he says erm let me read for you . in the context of for instance er united states of america he said he argues that <READING ALOUD> within the globalisation there's emergence of new poor because of the growing gap between global elites and their local dependence </READING ALOUD> drawing from a UN human development report an article by victor keegan er bauman informs us the total wealth of top 358 global billionaires equals to the combined income of 2.3 billion poorest people huge amount i mean incompatible , look the total wealth of top 358 global billionaires equals the combined income of 2.3 billion you understand that (reflects our fears) yeah erm absolutely unbelievable erm 2.3 billion poorest people which make roughly 45 per cent of the world's population . he continues and stresses that the social polarisation however is not simply continued to differences between developed and developing countries , at the same time in the united states by far the richest country of the world and the homeland of world's wealthiest people 16.5 per cent of the population live in poverty , it's unfortunate 16.5 per cent of the population if you find and read his book you know er it's very much interesting erm16.5 per cent of the population live in poverty one fifth of adult men and woman can neither read nor write while 13 per cent have a life expectancy shorter than . 50 absolutely unbelievable as a matter of fact it's really unbelievable . okay erm <P:07> the other key challenge le- le- let me let me go back erm to the point erm i was just explaining , trade rights versus human rights the promotion of a free trade agenda of a fair tre- trade agenda is generating deep concern today . in addition world trade organisation has not yet proven itself effective in promoting international trade rules . supportive of sustainable development as seen in continuing debates on perverse subsidies insufficient market access for developing countries products food security issues et cetera , these trade issues directly hinder sustainable development harm the environment , aggravate and in some cases augment poverty . they hinder why they hinder why they hinder directly sustainable development . because they put in a difficult position <P:07> trade rights itself . needs . to correct . it's a great challenge my dear friends erm , to sort out these problems er these ethical challenge er as the matter of fact very vital in order to sustain er the future and (enable) utopia there's another ethical challenge er which er is inconsistency between the global trade region and labour policy . they show disapproval to each other global trade region and labour policy . if i explain to you for instance er the the the recent the recent discussion we have been talking about about EU in germany for instance there's more than one million turkish people immigrants what do you think if they go back to their home country although they would not be very happy as the matter @of fact send them back@ to repatriate but er what will happen to the german economy what do you think . yes yes please </S1>
<NS3> for germany <S1> yeah </S1> erm it's like all , well countries where you have immigrant <S1> [yes yeah] </S1> [populations] who provide employment <S1> mhm-hm </S1> in areas that nobody else wants [to be] <S1> [mhm-hm] mhm-hm </S1> a turkish person who <S1> yeah </S1> runs a shop in ger- <S1> yeah </S1> small shop in germany <S1> mhm-hm </S1> or is a cleaning person or works in a factory <S1> mhm </S1> that's a job that tends to be something that perhaps a native born german wouldn't want to do <S1> yeah </S1> i know it's the same in my country with <S1> [yes yes yeah mhm-hm] </S1> [foreign (xx)] and er it's the same throughout the developed world (that's a) </NS3>
<S1> mhm well erm i'm not sure whether it was schröder or or the the former chancellor of germany chancellor erm , there were some er they they they passed through the parliament they need they said we need 50,000 i don't know whether it's the er next ten five years i don't know that's the the bill they passed through the parliament they need new immigrants in germany but . they say they should be very much qualified they should be I-T professionals they should be doctors they should be so on so on so on so . but those who are in germany today are very important to the economy i mean erm if you go and ask the er the some some employers there in in in berlin who have a bunch of of of turkish people some of them cleaners some of them you know er doing different types of jobs he will never accept that you take his employees and and patri- repatriate them to their country he will never accept because why because his little business says yes they have to stay his little business says oh they are very important to keep them here . but , the er the outer policy of germany says we have to repatriate them so they contradict each other but the fact is that the er . north countries or developed countries are really , building barriers against the free trade of goods and services not only free trade of goods and services , which are increasingly dismantled developed nations are constructing higher and higher walls to prevent the free flow of labour from developing countries wha- this free flow is not just goods it's not just commodities it's not just you know erm containers it's not . it's about immigrants . it has different mean , it has different cover which means immigrants why do you think erm . there are some people from east europe why do you think today er EU member states er think now we need new member states new EU member states why because the economy of EU member states says yes we need new immigrants we need raw materials we need . cheap labour the economy if the economy says yes yes . tony blair of UK er he said we are committed to , er to adapt EMU . european monetary union if the UK economy says yes which means if we don't er the pound if it doesn't er devaluate , if the economy er . keeps stronger we will keep our pound but on the other way if it goes you know on the other way i mean we we we must stick with the with the euro yes please </S1>
<S4> er in regard to the first point you made <S1> [mhm] </S1> [er] (xx) about the eastern european [countries] <S1> [yes] yeah </S1> i don't totally agree with you <S1> mhm-hm </S1> i don't think okay it's for the economics and europe is probably important too <S1>  mhm-hm mhm-hm </S1> but the main issue is that those countries can choose themselves if they want [to join] <S1> [yes] yeah </S1> so it's not a choice of european union <S1> mhm </S1> they give the possibility to those countries <S1> mhm-hm </S1> and after behind that there could be an [economical point i'm not arguing on that] </S4>
<S1> [mhm yeah a- absolutely] right not just economical point of view it's also political , er the political way if we (derive) it's about security <S4> mhm </S4> erm , now the combination of NATO membership and and and EU membership is vital to east european countries why because on one way they wanna stick with other western countries politically and economically . and on the other hand security se- er er er the the security point of view there's a threat they think will will will come and and and and you know erm and endanger their security so they are escaping from that threat to so it's not just one way we don't have to look from one point of view there are many different ways er , that has to be considered please go ahead </S1>
<S5> mhm er well er you told that like stressed the main thing that er the cheap labour force is needed and that's what er like one something like one of the main things why EU is like a a dream and (xx) things but er i would disagree on that even though i am from a country which er strives to join EU er because there's one thing about the er free movement of labour force <S1> mhm-hm </S1> it's er it's it's not gonna work er at least seven years after we join , and i see as er like , the way er you presented those things well i might sort out one thing <S1> uh-huh </S1> er it's like new consu- consumers <S1>  uh-huh </S1> new markets and er yeah this is like the thing er why some countries of the european union er are in favour of enlargement but on the other hand yeah of course there is that nice political thing <S1> mhm </S1> like (xx) each country to , join and have the stability and another thing is , yeah also i agree with that that those countries most of them are concerned about economical er security er as well as joining NATO for defence (xx) <S1> mhm-hm </S1> because er , and you want them to join because they remove the frontier with russia further <S1> yeah </S1> from from them there's now there's germany for example which ends it and er is like the most for example eastern country like in certain way and now that frontier will be moved further so there are like many er er a whole set er a complex , i don't know how to say (it) er a set of er reasons but from the both sides and <DISC CHANGE> you where are you from </S5>
<S1> me <S5> yeah </S5> oh er you were not here when i was introducing i'm from somalia somalia <S5> somalia </S5> africa yeah </S1>
<S5> because there is one small (observation) that , erm . we had a a lecturer before <S1>  yeah </S1> and it was stressed about bad influence kind of like i (simplify) that er of er western culture western like , civilisation <S1> mhm-hm </S1> to the eastern or , like er developing countries and in most cases that western is meaning united states er what was kind of surprising and even todo- today i'm sorry but there was a stress <S1> mhm-hm </S1> as a like bad things when the when they're happening er to the developing countries er i related most the with united states again <S1> [mhm-hm] </S1> [and] most of the examples are (xx) <S1> mhm-hm </S1> well , i don't i don't think that's correct <S1> mhm-hm </S1> so thanks [for your attention] </S5>
<S1> [yeah yeah] you are right <SS> @@ </SS> thank you very much , thank you yeah , yes er do you wanna say something russia . [just contribute erm] </S1>
<S11> [erm (xx)] just an outsider @@ <S1> yeah </S1> of the EU totally <S1> mhm-hm </S1> so </S11>
<S1> i see , well erm <COUGH> the next key political challenge er is is is is very important er to to assess and and examine erm , the features of of of of this er challenge erm , in order to promote sustainable development er , national interest versus global welfare , is a political challenge electoral pressures , is another key political challenge erosion of sovereignty er is is a political challenge too er but this has got er the er is a future is a phenomena of of globalisation that the er which means er the it's the end of a state the states are weakening day after day er , as long as the er globalisation intensifies . it's not new phenomena as the matter of fact but . it has it has er er it's own challenge . for instance the new generation of global survival problems er it has revealed the fundamental limitations of nation state as well as the weakening of national sovereignty , so this has made a turn up , that has generated the need for stronger forms of multilateral cooperation and solutions due to the inevitability limited success , and unilateral approach to trans-border threats , such as disease terrorism environmental er destruction <P:06> as long as the state itself weakens these problems will emerge . i absolutely agree er with the w- , what what this context says but on the other hand erm globalisation itself itself is nothing else than promoting these problems i mean , by explaining one side to another er you have got the meaning which is er disease terrorism environmental destruction are the all features of globalisation . sovereignty has been farther diminished by the economic dependence why because it has er been farther diminished by the economic dependence and inter-dependence of states the creation of power vacuums and the development of multiple power centres , above below and across the national level i mean , the world , needs each other , and and as long as the existence of one state , is vital to another erm you can't control anything . because the immigrant who is willing to come here he has got some reasons to say , to to to to come here er terrorism the way you know er terrorism the way it has been dealt er the past the past years er i'm not happy er i i'm not happy er because of er different , because of wrong interpretation . palestinian erm freedom fighter for instance , er who have been occupied by israelis his land has been occupied by israelis . they say he's a terrorist , how he's he's defending his sovereignty , you're occupying his land </S1>
<S4> and that's reason to blow up (a) buses </S4>
<S1> @@ not if you no there's a- another way if you don't allow me er to open a dialog with you if you don't allow me <S4> mhm-hm </S4> to sit with you in open and friendly manner , to discuss , and assess the real issues , i mean if you don't give me a chance and you still continue to occupy my land let let's let's be sincere and and frankly speak . suppose in finland , it happened before but i i don't recall er russia @(invaded us)@ erm there were fights of red and whites you know erm i don't go that way but suppose , russia invades suppose , finland , and russia don't wanna open a dialogue with finnish people suppose . you are humiliated , you are , beated killed in front of your wife sister mother whatever . what will be the reaction if you don't have any other way to solve . what will be , there will be frustration not terrorism the the the the term itself is a frustration somebody who blows something you know he don't have any other ways to express his own view he says i'm fed up like that i'm fed up i can't take anymore it's like that . but if you would have open yeah er if you would have opened dialogue if you would have let him for instance palestinians are crying oh we need to sit with the er with the with the iraq- er er erm er israeli you know leaders to to talk about er blah blah blah but no-one is offering them . yes er go ahead </S1>
<S11> well i just wanted to (xx) say that we don't have to try to mention that er russia invades [er finland because we had] </S11>
<S1> [yeah yeah yeah yeah it it] was an example it was an example </S1>
<S11> no but i mean we have the example on hands right now (since) ch- chechnya [(xx)] </S11>
<S1> [yeah chechnya] for instance yes yes yeah </S1>
<S11> it's been occupied er since er [(xx) times so] <S1> [mhm-hm] mhm-hm </S1> they they erm called rebellions but basically they defend their land </S11>
<S1> they are defending their land definitely yes i absolutely i agree with you but on the other hand erm in the eyes of russians they are what they are terrorists , isn't that true in the eyes of [russians , they are terrorists @@] </S1>
<S11> [well the terrorists er] (xx) the the different </S11>
<S1> because why because the national interest of russia or israel erm is just hoping keeping that piece of land </S1>
<S11> well pe- the the people who live there in chechnya let's say are peace-loving people they <S1> mhm-hm </S1> they regard that that group of (xx) as terrorists as well <S1> mhm-hm </S1> so it's not only russia <S1> [yeah] </S1> [that says] oh you like you want to defend your land but now you're a terrorist <S1>  mhm </S1> because they're not </S11>
<S1> yes you wanna , you wanna say something </S1>
<S4> [oh no you finish @@] </S4>
<S11> [(xx)] they they they're not like er <S1> mhm-hm </S1> defenders anymore <S1> [mhm] </S1> [even] in their own country </S11>
<S1> yeah , and and but this mood for instance erm this er hatred will intensify i mean as long as you oppress an ethnic and you deny the their rights to exercise erm i mean there will be a big blow and this comes to the point i've been just mentioning before er it can lead to clash of civilisation . erm i don't wanna go to this point but erm . muslims today are very fed up because of the er of what's happening in in for instance erm palestine what happens in chechnya what happens in different parts of the world , because they think , that , on their interpretation they think that er it has been waged crusade against them according to their interpretation . today . there's no a power challenging er NATO or united states united states is policing everywhere , and er russia don't have a chance for instance to er er or don't have the means er to play the role that it used to play before so er there's no any other you have excess force excess force , but you have to practice that excess force you have to do something , erm by exercising the force we have in military machine that united states for instance has if doesn't exercise if it doesn't er send er war ships to for instance let us say er arabian gulf to wage war against iraq , or afghanistan . they do not generate economic economy so waging war today or spotting an enemy elsewhere . is about making business , because we are selling your government you you military machine you are selling your military machine you are feeding your soldiers the price of who who the price of somebody else you know erm , that's er you know political manipulation that today is going on , which is really very bad to see in in 21st century i mean erm , it's er it's as the matter of fact bad er . but <COUGH> terrorism this the er the departure er i went through that topic terrorism is not itself er it has no i mean erm , as it says it has no , terro- terrorist is somebody who don't have who don't have any means , somebody who is fed up . but not do you wanna say something go ahead please you don't @wanna okay@ yeah erm anyone else who wanna comment yes please you wanna </S1>
<SU> i don't [@(xx)@] </SU>
<S1> [@okay yeah@] yes okay . okay let's go er well self- , interest versus global welfare , erm , good governors and enforcement capacity listening to civil society are all the key challenges for international institutions to international institutions are very important erm to save (gut) otherwise er , i mean erm , the system , economy , everything will scramble . as long as you don't have good governors as long as the self interest er is is er is is is more important than global welfare this terrorism this spotting an enemy all those are self interests national na- national interests . those are the reality what's going on today , you might be a leader one day you have to very much aware you don't have to listen erm . the womb of your mother , you don't have to listen er what you hear er for instance er the media you have to have the knowledge to assess what's going on around you and then come up an interpretation which might satisfy you say oh oh this the the reality this is reality because believe me , erm . if globalisation or whatever or you know sustainable development of global welfare which ends up to dystopia . i mean it will be the end of the world . which is clash of civilisation really clash of civilisation . it will be the end of the world it will be a great disaster erm and it's very much unfortunate er to er , thank you very much i will continue the er the next lecture what i left erm if you have any questions i will be very happy to er to to (xx) go ahead please , any questions please . yes yeah </S1>
